The History of Port Royal, Jamaica

Port Royal is a town on the southern coast of Jamaica. It was initially colonized by the Spanish but was attacked and captured by the English in 1655. Because of its excellent natural harbor and critical position, Port Royal quickly became a significant haven for pirates and buccaneers, who were made welcome because of the need for defenders. Port Royal was never the same after a 1692 earthquake, but there is still a town there today. The 1655 Invasion of Jamaica In 1655, England sent a fleet to the Caribbean under the command of Admirals Penn and Venables to capture Hispaniola and the town of Santo Domingo. The Spanish defenses there proved too formidable, but the invaders did not want to return to England empty-handed, so they attacked and captured the lightly fortified and sparsely populated island of Jamaica instead. The English began construction of a fort on a natural harbor on the southern shores of Jamaica. A town sprang up near the fort: at first known as Point Cagway, it was renamed Port Royal in 1660. Pirates in Defense of Port Royal The administrators of the town were concerned that the Spanish could re-take Jamaica. Fort Charles on the harbor was operational and formidable, and there were four other smaller forts spread around the town, but there was little manpower to defend the city in the event of an attack truly. They began inviting pirates and buccaneers to come and set up shop there, thus assuring that there would be a constant supply of ships and veteran fighting men on hand. They even contacted the infamous Brethren of the Coast, an organization of pirates and Buccaneers. The arrangement was beneficial for both the ​pirates and the town, which no longer feared attacks from the Spanish or other naval powers. A Perfect Place for Pirates It soon became apparent that Port Royal was the perfect place for privates and privateers. It had a large deepwater natural harbor for protecting ships at anchor, and it was close to Spanish shipping lanes and ports. Once it started to gain fame as a pirate haven, the town quickly changed: it filled up brothels, taverns and drinking halls. Merchants who were willing to buy goods from pirates soon set up shop. Before long, Port Royal was the busiest port in the Americas, primarily run and operated by pirates and Buccaneers. Port Royal Thrives The booming business done by pirates and privateers in the Caribbean soon led to other industries. Port Royal soon became a trading center for slaves, sugar and raw materials such as wood. Smuggling boomed, as Spanish ports in the New World were officially closed to foreigners but represented a huge market for African slaves and goods manufactured in Europe. Because it was a rough-and-tumble outpost, Port Royal had a loose attitude towards religions, and soon was home to Anglicans, Jews, Quakers, Puritans, Presbyterians, and Catholics. By 1690, Port Royal was as large and important a town as Boston, and many of the local merchants were quite wealthy. The 1692 Earthquake and Other Disasters It all came crashing down on June 7, 1692. That day, a massive earthquake shook Port Royal, dumping most of it into the harbor. An estimated 5,000 died in the quake or shortly after that of injuries or disease. The city was ruined. Looting was rampant, and for a time all order broke down. Many thought that the city had been singled out for punishment by God for its wickedness. An effort was made to rebuild the city, but it was devastated once again in 1703 by a fire. It was repeatedly hit by hurricanes and even more earthquakes in following years, and by 1774 it was essentially a quiet village. Port Royal Today Today, Port Royal is a small Jamaican coastal fishing village. It retains very little of its former glory. Some old buildings are still intact, and it’s worth a trip for history buffs. It is a valuable archaeological site, however, and digs in the old harbor continue to turn up interesting items. With increased interest in the Age of Piracy, Port Royal is poised to undergo a renaissance of sorts, with theme parks, museums and other attractions being built and planned. Famous Pirates and Port Royal Port Royals glory days as the greatest of the pirate ports were brief but noteworthy. Many famous pirates and privateers of the day passed through Port Royal. Here are some of the more memorable moments of Port Royal as a pirate haven. In 1668, legendary privateer Captain Henry Morgan departed for his famous attack on the city of Portobello from Port Royal.In 1669, Morgan followed up with an attack on Lake Maracaibo, also launched from Port Royal.In 1671, Morgan made his greatest and final raid, the sacking of the city of Panama, launched from Port Royal.On August 25, 1688, Captain Morgan died in Port Royal and was given a send-off worthy of the greatest of the privateers: warships in port fired their guns, he lay in state at the Kings House, and his body was carried through town on a gun carriage to its final resting place.In December of 1718, pirate John Calico Jack Rackham captured the merchant ship Kingston within sight of Port Royal, infuriating local merchants, who sent bounty hunters after him.On November 18, 1720, Rackham and four other pirates who had been captured were hanged at Gallows Point at Port Royal. Two of his crewmates —  Anne Bonny and Mary Read  Ã¢â‚¬â€ were spared because they were both pregnant.On March 29, 1721, infamous pirate Charles Vane was hanged at Gallows Point in Port Royal. Sources Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Maritime, Paperback, Dover Publications, January 26, 1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009.

Management - 748 Words

Chapter 1 Technical skills are necessary, but they are not sufficient alone to succeed in management. In order to succeed in this competitive environment manager must have good people skills. Management Functions Planning / organizing / Leading and controlling Management roles Interpersonal : - Figurehead, leader , liaison Informational : - Monitor , spokesperson , disseminator Decisional : -Entrepreneur , Disturbance handler , recourse allocator Management Skills Technical / conceptual / Human skills Effective vs Successful manager Traditional management / networking / communication / Human resource management Effective – More communication Successful – more networking Average – all three balanced. Organization Behavior :-†¦show more content†¦Operant – people learn to behave to get something that they want and avoid something that they don’t want social – people can learn through observation and direct experience. Attention / Retention / Motor Reproduction / reinforcement. Shaping : - when we attempt to mold individual by guiding their behavior in graduated steps. Methods : positive reinforcement / negative reinforcement / punishment / extinction. Schedule of reinforcement : - fixed/ variable / fixed ratio / variable ratio / continuous. Chapter 4 Personality : - sum total ways in which individual react to and interact with others. Three main ways to measure personality Self report/ observer rating / projective measure (Rorschach inkblot test amp; thematic appreciation test) Use of personality assessment in organization Selection/ screening / career planning / team building / management development. Personality determinants P = H * E* S ( Hereditary * Environment * Situation ) MBTI:- Myers Briggs type Indicator 100 questions personality test and ask how people feel and react in particular situation post that the person is divided among :- Extraverted / introvert, sensing / intuitive , thinking/ feeling , judging / perceiving BasedShow MoreRelatedManagement : Management And Management1504 Words   |  7 Pagesassuring an organization to be able to run smoothly is called as Management. Managers are capable to make decisions that will impact an organization in every phase. These decisions vary from employing new staff to taking a company public. Management is not an easy task, and good managers are highly respected. Management is like investment. Its main purpose is to extract the most out of every resource available in the organization. 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Edward Said Free Essays

In any part in the world, there is no place to be but home. Home is a place where we feel safe and take refuge. But how we will feel if this is taken from us? The essay by Edward Said, â€Å"States,† narrates the story of about his country, Palestine, and the struggle of his countrymen. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Said or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also shares the passion of his homeland which we can relate to. â€Å"States† exemplify the experiences and perceptions of how important a home is to a common Palestinian. Our country is a big part of who we are. As we are born, we are destined to become a part of it. It becomes part of our identity. Things that we grew up with meant something to us. We usually treasure things that became part of our lives. Even unconsciously, we take hold of it. Home brings us memories, memories that we want to hold on up to our last breath. It plays a big role to our development, as a child and as a person fully. Home is part of ourselves which became a foundation of we are today. To be away from home makes us feel empty or incomplete in a sense. This is experience by people who are exiled from their own homeland. Exiles are treated as aliens and feel shame to one’s pride. As Said explains â€Å"exile is a series of portraits without names, without context. † (Said,555). Exile is a miserable thing. Nothing can be so embarrassing than to be taken away from home. It saddens a person to feel a stranger to his own country. One is not only deprived of the social rights but as well as the freedom. As described in the essay of Edward Said an exile is referred as â€Å"present absentees† where to their homeland, they are vanished and as for the host country they are viewed as aliens. How to cite Edward Said, Papers

Simulation of Market

Question: Discuss out the Simulation of Market? Answer: Description: The supermarket checkout simulation is about simulation of checkout of various items in particular market. It accesses the items one by one. It scans the product code of an item. Only valid code passes, when it undergoes the checkout process, other invalid product code marks as invalid. In this simulation, owner can get know which are invalid product code. There can be number of checkouts. But presently, this simulation uses only two checkouts. Classes used in this design: There are two classes used in this simulation. One is Simulation, and other one is Product. Simulation class: It is main class where main() method run the program. This class reads the data from text file and stores into list. This class works as JFrame class. It makes the graphical user interface of simulation. It has number of java components to make the Graphical user interface. There are three labels and Text fields which used to store the description of products (items). The information of text fields is accessed by checkout buttons. There are two buttons which represent checkout 1 and checkout 2. The product can be accessed by any of checkout. There are two text areas. The information of left side text area indicates all scanned items. This text area also shows whether item is passing or not. This checking fully depends upon checkout buttons. The information of other text area tells about which checkout process the item. Moreover, there are number of other labels which tells about special note, item information etc. Product class: This class accesses by simulation class. It uses to store the information product. It has three member variables which stores the product information like product code, description and price. Class diagram: Product Class Product - productCode:String - description:String - price:double + Product() + Product(productCode:String, description:String, price:double) +getProductCode():String +getDescription():String +getPrice():double +setProductCode(productCode:String):void +setDescription(description:String):void +setPrice(price:double):void Simulation Class Simulation -List:ArrayList -codeList:ArrayList -totalProduct:int -scannedProduct:int -unscannedProduct:int -count:int + Simulation() + actionPerformed(ae:ActionEvent):void +checkCode():boolean +updateProductInfomation() ():void +readFile():void +main(args:String[]):void Use case: